Heat, temperature, and the collective behaviour of countless particles — from the kinetic theory of gases to engines and entropy. Every experiment in this field is live.
All experiments in this field are live — click any card to explore.
Watch molecules collide and see temperature, pressure and the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution emerge.
Open simulator →Hold a rod's ends at fixed temperatures and watch heat flow from hot to cold toward a steady gradient.
Open simulator →Drive a gas around the four-stroke Carnot cycle and meet the ultimate limit on efficiency, η = 1 − T_C/T_H.
Open simulator →Lift the partition between two gases and watch them mix irreversibly as entropy climbs.
Open simulator →Add heat and move the piston, and watch energy balance the books: ΔU = Q − W, with a live P–V trace.
Open simulator →One animation each for conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation — see how heat actually moves.
Open overview →Watch colliding molecules thermalise into the classic bell curve of speeds — and heat the gas to slide it faster and wider.
Open simulator →Squeeze, heat, or add gas in a piston and watch PV = NkT play out as Boyle's, Charles's and Gay-Lussac's laws.
Open simulator →Slide the temperature and morph the Planck curve — Wien's peak shift and the T⁴ brightness surge, from ember to blue star.
Open simulator →Heat ice to steam and watch the temperature stall on two plateaus — the latent heat of fusion and vaporisation.
Open simulator →