All Experiments

An interactive study of a body in free flight under uniform gravity — no air resistance.

An object keeps doing what it's doing — staying still, or moving in a straight line at constant speed — until a net force changes it. Remove friction and a…

Push on a mass and it accelerates. The bigger the force the faster it speeds up; the heavier the object the more sluggishly it responds. Acceleration is…

Every contact force comes in a pair: the table pushes up on the book exactly as hard as the book presses down on the table — equal and opposite, and acting…

Two masses hang from a string over a pulley. The heavier one falls, dragging the lighter one up — but gently, because both masses share the same…

Hang one pendulum from the end of another and the tidy, predictable swing gives way to wild, unrepeatable motion — the textbook example of deterministic…

Pin a string at both ends and only special "resonant" shapes survive — the harmonics. Each is really two waves travelling in opposite directions, frozen into…

In a vacuum every projectile traces a perfect parabola. Add air resistance and the path shrinks, tilts, and comes down steeper than it went up — real life…

A moving source runs into its own waves, packing them tighter ahead and stretching them behind — which is why a passing siren drops in pitch as it goes by…

Sound two close notes together and they don't just blur — the combined loudness pulses, swelling and fading at a rate equal to the difference in their…

A bob swinging under gravity — explore period, amplitude, damping and the energy exchange.

Pull a mass on a spring and release it — the cleanest example of simple harmonic motion.

A ball on a frictionless track trades height for speed — but its total energy never changes.

Whirl a mass in a circle and see the inward force that keeps it from flying off in a straight line.

Roll shapes down a ramp — which reaches the bottom first depends only on how their mass is distributed.

Pull the spinning weights inward and watch it whirl faster — the figure-skater effect.

Launch a satellite around a star and trace the conic sections of Kepler's orbits.

Two masses pull on each other. Set their separation, or release them and watch energy convert.

Before Newton explained why planets move as they do, Johannes Kepler discovered three precise rules describing how they move, drawn from decades of…

Two bodies on a frictionless track. Compare elastic, inelastic, and perfectly inelastic impacts.

Slide two masses along a balanced beam and find the exact spot where they cancel. Torque is force times distance — which is why a child far from the pivot…

Push a mass on a spring with a rhythmic force and sweep the rhythm. Hit the system's natural frequency and tiny pushes build into huge swings — resonance…

Tilt the ramp and watch static friction hold the block — right up to the critical angle tan θ = μs, where it breaks loose and slides on weaker kinetic…

Two bodies collide — or one blows apart — while a gold × tracks their center of mass. However violent the event, the × sails on in a perfectly straight line:…

Watch molecules collide, and see temperature, pressure and the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution emerge.

Hold the ends of a rod at fixed temperatures and watch heat flow from hot to cold.

Turn a temperature difference into work — and meet the ultimate limit on efficiency.

Two gases start separated. Lift the partition and watch them mix — and entropy climb.

Add heat, push the piston, and watch energy balance the books: ΔU = Q − W.

In a gas the molecules don't all move at one speed — collisions constantly reshuffle their energy into a lop-sided bell curve of speeds. Heat the gas and the…

Squeeze a gas, heat it, add more of it — pressure, volume, temperature and amount all trade off through one tidy relationship: the ideal gas law, PV = NkT.

Every warm object glows. The hotter it gets, the more it radiates and the bluer that glow becomes — a universal curve that connects a dying ember, the Sun…

Heat ice steadily and its temperature climbs — until it hits 0 °C, where it stalls. All the incoming energy goes into melting, not warming. Those flat…

Place charges, then watch the electric field lines and the forces they exert on each other.

A magnetic field pushes a moving charge sideways, always at right angles to its motion. The result is a perfect circle — the basis of cyclotrons, mass…

Snap together batteries, resistors, bulbs and meters, then watch the current flow.

Light is a self-sustaining ripple of electric and magnetic fields. They oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of travel, marching…

Move a magnet near a coil and it drives a current — but only while it's moving. Faraday's law: a changing magnetic flux makes electricity, and the faster it…

A resistor, inductor and capacitor driven by an AC source. At one special frequency they conspire to let a huge current through — resonance, the same trick…

Connect a capacitor to a battery through a resistor and it fills with charge — fast at first, then ever more slowly, in the smooth exponential curve that…

The same machine, run both ways: feed a current through a loop in a magnetic field and it spins (motor); crank the loop by hand and it makes electricity…

Two parallel plates store charge and energy in the field between them. Resize the plates, stretch the gap, then slide a dielectric slab in — and see why what…

Two coils share one iron core, coupled only by magnetic flux. The turns ratio sets the voltage ratio — step it up or step it down — while the power flowing…

Charge a capacitor, connect it to an inductor, and the energy sloshes back and forth forever — electric field to magnetic field and back — the…

Bounce light off a mirror — the angle in equals the angle out, every time.

Light bends as it crosses between materials — and can be trapped entirely inside the denser one.

Place an object in front of a curved mirror and trace the principal rays to find the image. Watch it flip between a real, inverted image and a virtual…

Place an object near a thin lens and trace the three principal rays to locate its image — a real, inverted projection or a magnified, upright virtual image…

Light passing through two narrow slits spreads out and overlaps, adding up to bright and dark bands on a screen — Young's experiment, the clearest proof that…

A single narrow slit bends light into a broad central bright band flanked by progressively fainter side fringes — diffraction, the spreading of waves when…

White light is a mixture of every colour. A glass prism bends each colour by a slightly different amount — violet most, red least — so the beam fans out into…

Light's electric field can point in any transverse direction. A polarizer lets through only one direction — so chaining filters at different angles dims…

Start with two slits and add more, one by one. The bright fringes stay exactly where they were — but grow taller and razor-thin, turning soft interference…

Light bouncing off the top and bottom of a soap film races itself — and the winner depends on the colour. Tune the thickness and watch wavelengths cancel and…

Shine light on a metal and, if each photon carries enough energy, electrons are knocked free. Brightness changes how many — but only the colour (frequency)…

An electron may orbit the nucleus only in certain fixed shells. When it jumps between them it emits or absorbs a single photon — and the colours of those…

Because the speed of light is the same for everyone, a moving clock must tick slower and a moving object must shrink along its motion. Speed the ship toward…

Trap a particle between two walls and quantum mechanics takes over: it can only hold certain discrete energies, and at each one it spreads out as a standing…

Gravity so strong that not even light escapes. Around it, spacetime is bent enough to warp the stars behind into a glowing ring and to make time itself crawl…

Every atom decays completely at random — yet the population follows a perfectly smooth exponential law. Watch hundreds of individual dice-rolls add up to N =…

Drop an object into a fluid and see whether it floats or sinks — and the upward force that decides.

Squeeze a flow through a narrow throat: it speeds up, and its pressure drops.

Press a small piston and lift a great weight — the hydraulic multiplier explained.

Watch fluid stream past a cylinder. Turn viscosity up and the flow glides past in smooth laminar sheets; turn it down and the wake breaks into a marching…

Drop a sphere into a thick fluid and it does not accelerate forever. Drag climbs with speed until it exactly cancels gravity, and the sphere coasts at a…

Push a viscous fluid steadily through a pipe and it does not slide as a block — it flows fastest down the middle and clings to the walls, tracing a perfect…

A liquid's skin behaves like a stretched elastic sheet. Dip a narrow tube and that skin hauls the whole column upward against gravity — climbing higher the…